Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text on pharmacology of ganglionic transmission in cat nictitating membrane preparation
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of atropine administered to ganglion, no electrical stimulation on cat nictitating membrane. The trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of norepinephrine administered to ganglion, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of norepinephrine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of tyramine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of phentolamine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of propranolol administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text describing method of administering test drugs to superior cervical ganglion of cat
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of physostigmine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram illustrating injection site for drugs at superior cervical ganglion of cat. Vector illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text describing the nictitating membrane of the cat
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane.
Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of hexamethonium administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of hexamethonium administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of propranolol administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of physostigmine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief description of cat nictitating membrane preparation
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief description of the pharmacology of the neuroeffector junction of the cat nictitating membrane preparation
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of phentolamine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of tyramine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text describing how contractions of cat nictitating membrane are recorded
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of phentolamine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of physostigmine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of norepinephrine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine (high conc) administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of acetylcholine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing method of recording contractions of cat nictitating membrane. Vector illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of isoprenaline administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effects of drugs on cat nictitating membrane. The user can select a drug, from a drop-down list (saline (vehicle control); norepinephrine (noradrenaline); atropine; phentolamine; propranolol; isoprenaline; hexamethonium; physostigmine; nicotine; nicotine (high conc); tyramine; unknown). The user cam also select the site of administration (either the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) or the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and whether to electrically stimulate the preganglionic nerves (a stimulus protocol is pre-selected to give a sub-maximal contraction so that potential relaxant effects of drugs can be observed). The trace shows recordings from both ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes. (Absolute Paths) (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of atropine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text describing method of drug administration to cat nictitating membrane
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of hexamethonium administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Animated diagram showing the release and action of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) at the neuroeffector junction. The step-though animation sequence shows the site of synthesis, the release, post-synaptic effect and the termination of the effects of norepinephrine. Text descriptions accompany each step. Flash
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of saline (vehicle control) administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of isoprenaline administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of atropine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of hexamethonium administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Image/Trace Chooser (Final Version) (Flash Interaction). "Choose your experimental parameters: Test compound (Saline, Acetylcholine, Noradrenaline, Atropine, Phentolamine, Propranolol, Isoprenaline, Hexamethonium, Physostigmine, Nicotine, Nicotine high, Tyramine, Unknown), Administration site (Ganglion or Nictitating Membrane) and Nerve stimulation (On or Off)."
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of atropine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing method of administering drugs to the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Vector illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of acetylcholine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of isoprenaline administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of physostigmine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of saline administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing method of pre-ganglionic nerve simulation in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Vector illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing method of recording contractions of cat nictitating membrane. Bitmap illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Image/Trace Chooser (Final Version) (Flash Interaction, FLA master file). "Choose your experimental parameters: Test compound (Saline, Acetylcholine, Noradrenaline, Atropine, Phentolamine, Propranolol, Isoprenaline, Hexamethonium, Physostigmine, Nicotine, Nicotine high, Tyramine, Unknown), Administration site (Ganglion or Nictitating Membrane) and Nerve stimulation (On or Off)."
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine (high conc) administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of propranolol administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing method of administering drugs to the neuro-effector junction (NMJ) in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Bitmap illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of tyramine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text describing the usefulness of the cat nictitating membrane preparation for pharmacology investigations. HTML
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of acetylcholine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of acetylcholine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing method of nerve simulation in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Bitmap illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text describing method of administering test drugs to neuroeffector junction of cat nictitating membrane preparation. HTML
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Experimental results trace showing the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Brief text describing method of electrically stimulating pre-ganglionic nerves in cat nictitating membrane preparation. HTML
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing the location of the superior cervical ganglion of the cat including blood and nerve supplies. Vector illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of saline administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of tyramine administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of saline administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing the location of the superior cervical ganglion of the cat including blood and nerve supplies. Bitmap illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Animation showing the process of ganglionic transmission. Five step process describing the process from choline uptake, ACh synthesis, storage and release to post-synaptic action and termination of transmitter effects. Text descriptions of each stage of the process. Flash
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of propranolol administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of phentolamine administered to SCG, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Diagram showing method of administering drugs to the SCG in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Bitmap illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine (high conc) administered to SCG, electrical stimulation on in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of nicotine (high conc) administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Suggested student tasks (ten) for experiments on cat nictitating membrane preparation. HTML
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of isoprenaline administered to NMJ, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Picture of cat showing location of nictitating membrane. Vector Illustration
Parent CAL: Cat Nictitating Membrane
Effect of norepinephrine administered to ganglion, electrical stimulation off in cat nictitating membrane preparation. Trace shows the contractions of the ipsilateral and contralateral nictitating membranes.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Text description of the actions of a reversible, competitive antagonist (atropine) and calculation of ED50 on isolated guinea pig ileum
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Animated colour diagram of the apparatus used for isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. as the user rolls over different items a pop-up window appears giving more information.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Question on the nervous innervation of guinea pig ileum preparation. User must drag labels to the appropriate label-holder on a diagram of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supplying the ileum.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Tow graphs showing the relationship between agonist concentration and amplitude of contraction in guinea pig ileum. One shows agonist conc plotted against response and has the shape of a rectangular hyperbola. The second shows log 10 of agonist concentration against response and is sigmoidal in shape.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
True false question on the nervous innervation of guinea pig ileum.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Question on the pharmacological action of nine different agents used in experiments on guinea pig ileum - acetylcholine, norepinephrine, atropine, naloxone, morphine, clonidine, mepyramine, histamine, phentolamine. User must match a list of pharmacological actions with the appropriate drug.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
This is a two part question. The first part of a calculation question on affinity constant for acetylcholine in guinea pig ileum. Users are provided with a set of data for the response of the ileum to different bath concentrations of acetylcholine and another set of data for the response in the presence of a known concentration of a reversible competitive antagonist (atropine). This poart of the calculation asks the user to submit an answer for the dose ratio i.e. the concentrations of acetylcholine producing the same response from each set of data - these terms are explained in the question. Feedback is provided for incorrect answers. The second part requires calculation of the affinity constant using the previously calculated dose ratio. Again helpful feedback is given.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Question requiring the user to calculate the bath concentration of mepyramine in guinea pig ileum when a known solution of mepyramine is added to a known volume of Tyrode's solution in the organ bath.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
true-false question on composition of Tyrode's solution - the solution used to bathe isolated guinea pig ileum
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Colour diagram showing a labelled cross section of ileum.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Question on agonist dose-response graphs for different antagonists. Question shows three graphs for agonist dose-response curves in the presence of different types of antagonists: reversible competitive; irreversible competitive; non-competitive. User has to match the type of antagonist with the appropriate graph.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
This question requires the user to match a description of an effect of an antagonist administered at different concentrations on the dose response curve to an agonist
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
This experiment has three parts. Part 1 requires the user to determine a stimulus voltage which elicits a response which is just sub-maximal. Part 2 uses that stimulus voltage to investigate the effects of various drugs (atropine, clonidine, morphine, naloxone, phentolamine). The user then answers questions on the actions of the drugs. Part 3 requires the user to investigate the effects of naloxone on the action of morphine, and phentolamine on the action of clonidine. Again there are questions testing understanding of the data.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Determination of standard dose (a dose which produces a sub-maximal (75%) response for acetylcholine and histamine in guinea pig ileum. Once determined the effects of antagonists mepyramine and atropine are investigated. Students must complete calculations based on the data provided (standard dose) and answer self-assessment questions about the observed effects of the antagonists.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Histological image of intestinal smooth muscle cells showing spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped nuclei and collagen fibres.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
True-false question on the different receptor types (histamine; 5-HT; muscarinic cholinoceptors; adrenoceptors) and the effects they mediate (contraction or relaxation) in guinea pig ileum
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Animated diagram of apparatus used to investigate effects of drugs in isolated guinea pig ileum (in vitro).
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Text description describing the relationship between dose (and log dose) and tissue response. Explanation of dissociation constant, affinity, affinity constant and ED50.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
True-false question on usefulness of different dose-response plots in determining the action of an unknown agonist on a tissue preparation such as guinea pig ileum.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
True-false question about the properties of isotonic transducers
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Experiments to investigate dose response relationship for acetylcholine in guinea pig ileum. Three part investigation. Part 1 requires determination of the dose of ACh which produces a maximal response (user must enter value); Part 2 requires the user to select six doses between the dose which just produces a response and the dose which produces a maximal response (user must submit values); Part 3 plots a graph of the linear dose-response curve and the log-dose response curve based on the submitted values and requires the user to observe whether these are consistent with the 'ideal' graphs (overlaid for comparison).
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Calculation question in two parts. Users are presented with a table of data showing response against drug (acetylcholine) concentration. Part 1 requires them to calculate the ED50. part 2 requires then to then calculate the Affinity constant. Feedback is provided to both correct and incorrect answers for both parts
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Calculation question on drug concentration when added to organ bath. Scenario describes the addition of a known volume of a known concentration of histamine to an organ bath of known volume and requires calculation of histamine concentration in the bath. Useful feedback is given to both correct and incorrect answers.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Diagram of cross-section of ileum in 3D showing different layers and nerve supply.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Colour diagram of 2D cross-section of ileum. Roll-over animations describe the different control mechanisms for intestinal motility - myogenic, hormonal, neurogenic.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Three part experiment investigating the effects of atropine on the dose-response curve for acetylcholine in guinea pig ileum. Part 1 requires the user to determine a dose of atropine which produces a greater than 50% reduction in the response to acetylcholine; Part 2 requires that the user select six concentrations of acetylcholine to investigate in the presence of the selected concentration of atropine; Part 3 requires the user to compare the dose response curve based on their selected concentrations of acetylcholine with the norm and compare the dose response curve to acetylcholine in the absence and presence of atropine. Feedback is given throughout.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Question on why increasing the dose of acetylcholine above a certain level produces no further increase in the size of the contraction of guinea pig ileum. User must enter a free text answer and submit. A model answer is displayed and user must compare and score (scale of 1-5) their answer with the model answer.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Experiments to show the effects of different antagonists (naloxone, phentolamine, propranolol) on transmurally stimulated (high frequency (10 Hz)) guinea pig ileum. Four parts: Part 1 shows contractions in response to a fixed electrical stimulation protocol; Part 2 shows the effects of naloxone
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Calculation question for ED50, Dose-ratio, and Kaff based on dose response data for acetylcholine in the absence and presence of atropine. Data is taken from isolated guinea pig ileum in vitro .The question has 3 parts: Part one requires calculation of ED50 based on given data; Part two requires calculation of the dose-ratio and part three calculation of Kaff for atropine. Useful feedback is given throughout.
Parent CAL: Guinea-Pig Ileum
Three part question based on data for the action of acetylcholine on isolated guinea pig ileum in vitro. The question shows a plot of log dose (of ACh) against response (contraction amplitude). Part one requires the user to select the optimum two points on the graph to measure the slope; Part two requires calculation of the slope and Part three requires calculation of the ED50. Helpful feedback is given throughout.
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effects of phenolphthalein on colonic motility in rat in vitro. The experiment trace shows force of contraction (normal peristalsis and reflex induced contraction) and fluid flow through the intestine. This experiment shows the effects of phenolphthalein alone and in combination with neostigmine and atropine (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effect of epinephrine on colonic motility in rat in vitro. The experiment trace shows force of contraction (normal peristalsis and reflex induced contraction) and fluid flow through the intestine. This experiment shows the effects of epinephrine (administered in acid saline) and the effects of vehicle alone alone (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Diagram of the apparatus used to measure colonic motility in rat in vitro. Labelled diagram with key shows the various components including the rat colon, organ bath, Krebs' solution, heating coil, isometric transducer, pen recorder, drop detector, syringe, and one way valve (Flash)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effects of saline on rat colonic motility. The experiment trace shows force of contraction (normal peristalsis) and fluid flow through the intestine. This experiment shows the effects of saline (which is used as a vehicle for most drugs in this experiment and therefore acts as a control) on normal peristaltic contractions - Flash - this is part one of a two part image and only displays the administration of saline on normal peristaltis.
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Question on the effects of exogenous acetylcholine on rat colonic motility. Multiple True/False - Flash
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effects of acetylcholine on rat colonic motility. The experiment trace shows force of contraction (normal peristalsis and reflex induced contraction) and fluid flow through the intestine. This experiment shows the effects of acetylcholine alone and in combination with neostigmine and atropine (Flash Interaction) on each of these parameters. Flash Interaction.
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Animation (colour) of a four step process to illustrate the intestinal peristaltic reflex. Flash
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effects of neostigmine on rat colonic motility. The experiment trace shows force of contraction (normal peristalsis and reflex induced contraction) and fluid flow through the intestine. This experiment shows the effects of neostigmine alone and in the presence of atropine (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effect of saline on rat colonic motility. The experiment trace shows force of contraction and fluid flow through the intestine. This experiment shows the effects of saline and is part two of a two part image and displays the administration of saline on reflex-induced peristalsis - (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effects of saline alone and in the presence of neostigmine and atropine on rat colonic motility. The experiment trace shows force of contraction (normal peristalsis and reflex induced contraction) and fluid flow through the intestine - Flash Interaction.
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Question (multiple True/False) on effects of epinephrine on motility of rat colon in vitro. - Flash Quiz
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Question (multiple True/False) on effects of carbachol on rat colonic motility - Flash Quiz.
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Diagram showing nervous control of intestinal peristalsis. The illustration shows circular & longitudinal muscle contraction, bolus transit and both excitatory and Inhibitory nervous pathways.
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Question (multiple True/False) on effects of neostigmine and atropine in saline control experiments on rat colonic motility - Flash Quiz
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Effects of carbachol on rat intestine motility. The experiment trace shows force of contraction (normal peristalsis and reflex induced contraction) and fluid flow through the intestine. This experiment shows the effects of carbachol alone and in combination with neostigmine (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Question (multiple True/False) on effects of neostigmine on colonic motility in rat in vitro. (Flash Quiz).
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Question (multiple True/False) on the effects of acetylcholine, in absence and presence of neostigmine) on colonic motility in rat in vitro (Flash Quiz).
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Diagram of intestinal peristalsis showing excitatory nervous pathways controlling circular & longitudinal muscle contraction and bolus transit.
Parent CAL: Intestinal Motility
Question (multiple True/False) on effects of phenolphthalein in absence and presence of atropine and neostigmine, on colonic motility in rat in vitro - Flash Quiz.
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Prothrombin Time (PT) > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Thrombin Time (TT) > 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Introduction
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 5
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 5
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 5
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 5
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 5
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Thrombin Time (TT) > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 5
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Prothrombin Time (PT) > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Prothrombin Time (PT) > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Thrombin Time (TT) > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > The Coagulometer > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 3
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Thrombolytic Mechanisms > Control of Fibrinolysis > 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 2
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Animated Platelet illustration for CAL title screen.
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Coagulation > Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways > 4
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Prothrombin Time (PT) > 1
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Tutorials > Haemostatic Plug Formation > Haemostatic Plug Formation 5
Parent CAL: Blood Coagulation
Methods > Coagulation Tests > Thrombin Time (TT) > 3
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > Parasympathetic agents > Parasympathetic antagonist (anticholinergic) agents
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > The ability of drugs to dilate narrowed airways and reverse the limitation to airflow > B2-Sympathomimetic drugs > Mode of action
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Inflammation
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow 1
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Preparing for the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Test your knowledge > Introduction
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > The ability of drugs to dilate narrowed airways and reverse the limitation to airflow
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Peak Expiratory Flow - Practical class
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Measuring the values
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Gas transfer > The ability of the lungs to transfer gas from the alveoli into the blood > Gas transfer
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Measuring the value
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Lung volumes > Helium dilution technique
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Lung volumes > Helium dilution technique 3
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > Peak flow meter
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Static lung volumes 1
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > The ability of drugs to dilate narrowed airways and reverse the limitation to airflow > Parasympathetic agents > Mode of action
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > The ability of drugs to dilate narrowed airways and reverse the limitation to airflow > B2-Sympathomimetic drugs > Mode of administration
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Virtual practical class
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Practical class
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Virtual practical class
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test - video 1
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Flow in tubes
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > Forced Expired Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Vital Capacity (VC)
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Tissue destruction
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Static lung volumes > Mild/moderate obstructive disorder
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Virtual practical class 2
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > Forced Expired Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Vital Capacity (VC) > Turbine
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow - Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Reversibility > Reversibility tests > Interpreting the tests
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Mucus
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > B2-Sympathomimetic drugs > B2-Sympathomimetic (B2-Adrenoreceptor agonist) drugs
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Static lung volumes 2
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > Turbine
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Virtual practical class 1
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Severe obstructive disorder
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Gas transfer > The ability of the lungs to transfer gas from the alveoli into the blood 2
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 1
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Lung volumes > Helium dilution technique 2
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Transfer factor > A Single Breath Carbon Monoxide Test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > Pneumotacograph
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Mild/moderate obstructive disorder
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Test your knowledge > Introduction
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Peak Expiratory Flow - Practical class
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Smooth muscle
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Static lung volumes > Severe obstructive disorder
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > The ability of drugs to dilate narrowed airways and reverse the limitation to airflow > Theophylline > Theophylline and related drug Aminophylline
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Challenge tests > Metacholine challenge test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Preparing for the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Smooth muscle
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Mucus
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Measuring the value
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Peak flow meter
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test - video 2
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Gas transfer > The ability of the lungs to transfer gas from the alveoli into the blood 1
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Challenge tests > Metacholine challenge test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Virtual experiment
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > The ability of drugs to dilate narrowed airways and reverse the limitation to airflow > B2-Sympathomimetic drugs > Mode of administration
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Performing the test video
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Gas transfer > The ability of the lungs to transfer gas from the alveoli into the blood > Transfer factor
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Inflammation
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Practical class
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Tissue Destruction
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Test your knowledge > Conclusion
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Asthma
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Peak Expiratory Flow - PEF Virtual experiment
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > Bellows
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Preparing for the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Flow in tubes
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > Forced Expired Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Vital Capacity (VC) > Pneumotacograph
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Reversibility > Reversibility tests > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Limitation to airflow > Limitation to airflow along the airways > Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 2
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Peak Expiratory Flow > How to measure Peak Expiratory Flow - Preparing for the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Reversibility > Reversibility tests > Types of test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > Forced Expired Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Vital Capacity (VC) > Bellows
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Gas transfer > The ability of the lungs to transfer gas from the alveoli into the blood 3
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Measuring the values
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Lung volumes > A single breath carbon monoxide test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Static lung volumes > Restrictive disorder
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Lung volumes > Helium dilution technique 4
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Virtual practical class
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Bronchodilation > The ability of drugs to dilate narrowed airways and reverse the limitation to airflow > Corticosteroids > Corticosteroids (steroids)
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Spirometry > FEV1, FVC and VC > How to measure FEV1 and FVC > Performing the test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Static lung volumes > Lung volumes
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Challenge tests > Exercise challenge test
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Tutorial > Lung size > The size of the lungs and the degree of expansion > Restrictive disorder
Parent CAL: Chest Clinic
Methods > Lung volumes > Helium dilution technique 1
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Scintillation Counting - practical exercise (flash interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 5mM methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + methionine > + serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of phlorrhizin > Glycine only
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Sodium Dependence (final frame, still image)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > galactose > + glycine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 5 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Scintillation Counting - practical exercise (flash interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 15mM methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 1 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 5mM methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Intestinal Absorption Users Guide & Student Notes
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 5 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > galactose > + methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + galactose > + serosal mannose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of phlorrhizin > Glycine only
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Indirect Methods: Simulation. This simulation allows the user to alter the mucosal concentration of substrate and a corresponding change in potential difference (pd) is then shown on the millivoltmeter. (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 5 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 30 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + galactose > + serosal mannose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > Glycine > + methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 15mM methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of phlorrhizin > Glycine + phlorrhizin
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of phlorrhizin > Glycine + phlorrhizin
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 20mM galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > methionine > + galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + galactose > + serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 10 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine only > No serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 5 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine only > + serosal mannose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine only > + serosal mannose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Scintillation Counting - Quench Curve (static image)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Direct Methods: Simulation (flash interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 1 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine only > + serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > methionine > + glycine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + galactose > + serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 10 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 10 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 10mM galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + methionine > No serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 1 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 20mM galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > galactose > + methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
1 of 42 Experiments (Flash Interactions) (Master File)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 5 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine + 10mM galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Indirect Methods: Simulation. This simulation allows the user to alter the mucosal concentration of substrate and a corresponding change in potential difference (pd) is then shown on the millivoltmeter. (Flash Interaction)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 30 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine only
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + galactose > No serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 10 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 1 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine only > + serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 1 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + methionine > + serosal mannose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + methionine > No serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + galactose > No serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Sodium Dependence (final frame, still image)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 30 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 30 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 5 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 30 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Quench Curve (flash interaction - master file)
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine only > No serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + methionine > After 30 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > galactose > + glycine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 10 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > Glycine > + methionine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > Glycine > + galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > T/M ratio > Glycine only
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > Glycine > + galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + methionine > + serosal mannitol
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > methionine > + galactose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Basic experiments > methionine > + glycine
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of energy > Glycine + methionine > + serosal mannose
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine + galactose > After 10 min
Parent CAL: Intestinal Absorption
Interaction of systems > Further experiments > Effect of time > Glycine only > After 1 min
These clamps allow the flow of buffer in and out of the organ bath. One of them is located at the bottom, which releases the chamber buffer contents, while an upper clamp allows fresh buffer to enter. Just before starting a wash step, be sure to include a wash label on the computer first. Squeeze the lower clamp to release the stored buffer. Then, squeeze the upper clamp to re-fill the chamber. Repeat this three times in total. Finally, lift the overflow tube to return the chamber volume to 25 ml. Wash steps cause fluctuations in the tension on the string that connects the tissue, and this can be seen on the trace. This is why it is important to label the computer with the wash steps.